Information Technology & Systems

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Textbook Edition: II
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Computer Networks : Chapter 9

SUMMARY: Computer networks can be used for various purposes. For individuals, networks offer access to a variety of information and entertainment resources.

For companies, networks provide a powerful communication medium for employees working at different locations. There are several types of networks used for different purposes.

Networks are classified on the basis of transmission and scale. Based on transmission, they are classified into point-to-point networks and broadcast networks.

Based on scale or size/area of networking, networks are mainly classified into Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs).

LANs are privately-owned networks which are used in a single building or an office to connect various workstations and share other resources such as printers, files, etc. MANs are a larger version of LANs and use the same technology that LANs do. Typically, they connect users spread over various parts of a city. A WAN connects a large geographical area, often a country or a continent.

Network operating systems are divided based on whether they are peer-to-peer or client/server networks. The important network topologies are mesh, star, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid.

The various networking and internetworking devices are Network Interface Cards (NICs), repeaters, bridge, routers, hub and switches.

Most networks support protocol hierarchies, with each layer providing services to the layers above it and protecting them from the details of the protocols used in the lower layers.

The two important network protocols are OSI and TCP/IP protocols.

The different ways in which data can be transmitted over a network are termed as switching alternatives. The various switching alternatives available are circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching.

Table of Contents
Chapter 9 Overview
Chapter 10

Computer Networks - An Overview

Basics of Computer Networks
Components of a Network
How Does a Network Work?
Computer Network Applications

Classification of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Wireless Networks

Peer-to-Peer and Client / Server Networks
Peer-to-Peer Network
Client/Server Network

Network Topologies
Mesh Topology
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topologies

Network Infrastructure
Network Interface Cards
Repeater
Bridge
Routers
Hubs
Switch

Network Architectures and Protocols
The OSI Reference Model
The TCP/IP Reference Model
Switching Techniques

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