Introduction to Human Resource Management

Job analysis, which is also called job review or job classification, is a systematic exploration of the tasks, duties, responsibilities and accountabilities of a job. The process of job analysis involves collection of background information, selection of representative jobs to be analyzed, collection of job analysis information, development of a job description and job specification. The formal and systematic methods of job analysis are functional job analysis, the position analysis questionnaire, and the critical incident technique. Job analysis is useful for preparing job descriptions and job specifications which are the basis for most of the HR activities like recruitment, training, performance appraisal, industrial relations and wage and salary administration. Job design determines the way in which work should be performed which, in turn, affects the degree of authority of an employee over the work; the scope of decision-making by the employee; the number of tasks an employee has to perform; and employee satisfaction. The main objectives of job design are to meet organization requirements such as higher productivity, operational efficiency and quality; and to simultaneously satisfy the psychological and sociological needs of the employees.