Authors: Pradip Sinha & Sadhu Ramakrishna
Associate Consultant, Research Associate,
ICMR (IBS Center for Management Research).
This involves a lot of risk as the acquiring firm spends a lot of money and time, and in that process, may lose out the competitive edge. Though P&G had done successful acquisitions earlier in its long career, history doesn't always help the cause, especially in these tough business environments where strategies change every other day. The failed merger of AOL-Time Warner reflects the same story of cultural clash. Unilever faced the same problem. The Ambani brothers of Reliance are yet another example of such clash. So at a time when the world is facing problems with 'two', P&G's way of going with two different bosses, may not be a good idea.
Impact on India
P&G's recent announcement of acquiring 100% stake in Gillette may benefit the two firms, as they both have a fair deal of presence in the Indian market, with their respective product categories. Presently P&G is operating in India through its two companies, Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Healthcare Limited, which is the listed and Procter & Gamble Home Products, which is unlisted. The combined companies have a turnover of Rs. 1,500 cr. They have eight major brands which are operating their business in India. On the other hand, though the Rs. 900 cr Indian blade market is dominated by the so called Malhotra's with their local brands like Topaz, Laser SuperMax to name a few, but the important point here is that Gillette, with a market share of 35% is doing pretty well. Gillette India has closed the year 2004 with an annual sale of Rs. 406.31 cr. Its sales figures also increased considerably from the last year. According to Zubair Ahmad, "Gillette India MD, there has been an increase in the Gillette's grooming business up by 14%, its Duracell battery business by 41% and its Oral-B toothbrushes by 8%". Its newly launched Mach3 Turbo is also doing quite well. This indicates that Gillette has got a good feel of the Indian markets and have products for every category of the society. |
The deal will definitely give P&G, top five world class brands and its market share along with technology, but at the same time it will bring an overlap/clash of some brands/products. P&G's Crest toothbrush, Old spice, Secret and its battery will overlap with Oral-B, Right guard, SoftnDri and Duracell brands of Gillette. This will be a cause of concern for both the companies. According to Al Ries, the management guru and author of many best-selling books, feels "the bigger a company becomes, the more difficult it is to manage as business becomes more global".
According to the deal, P&G will be paying 0.975 shares for each share of the Gillette, valuing the acquisition at an 18% premium to shareholders of Gillette. What is in for the shareholders of P&G? Acquisitions in the past have shown that once the deal came into existence, the acquiring firm's share price would come down drastically. The shareholders of P&G are apprehensive of the company's share prices getting diluted. To avoid such problems, P&G has promised to buyback $18-$22 bn in its share, in the coming 12-18 months. P&G plans to pay Gillette 40% in cash and the rest 60% in stock. But, Al Ries thinks otherwise-"the extra 20% premium paid by P&G for Gillette's stock is going to make it 20% more difficult for the deal to pay dividends to stock holders".