Linux- Gaining Ground
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EXHIBIT III
EVOLUTION OF WINDOWS contd...
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YEAR
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DETAILS
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1985
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Microsoft released first version of Windows –
Windows 1.0, which allowed PC users to shift from MS Dos to Windows
operating system.
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1987
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Windows 2.0 was released. It had enhanced features
such as improved processing speed, expanded memory, inter application
capabilities through Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), which gave user control to
screen layout, use keyboard combinations and overlap windows.
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1990
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Windows 3.0 was released. Hailed as the first
mainstream computing platform. It came with a Program manager, File manager,
Print manager and improved windows icons.
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1993
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Windows 3.11 with domain networking support was
released. With this release, Windows became an integral part of
client/server evolution. Windows for workgroups operated in LAN, on
stand-alone PCs and laptops.
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1993
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Windows NT 3.1, which for first time combined
support to client/server business applications and personal productivity
applications, was released. It came with new features like multitasking
scheduler for Windows-based applications, integrated networking, domain
server security, and support for multiple processor architectures. Windows
NT was targeted at business users and was made available in desktop and
server versions initially. In late 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT
workstation 3.5 supporting OpenGL graphics standards which made possible
high-end applications in software development, engineering, financial
analysis and critical business-related tasks. Microsoft's first Windows
Server operating system Windows NT Advanced Server 3.1 was released. It was
promoted as an application server for Novell Netware, Banyan VINES and
Microsoft networks.
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1994
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Windows NT Server 3.5, which was built on 3.1
version with increased processing speed and improved connectivity to other
systems, was released. It provided new administration tools, client software
configuration, auto-reboot and dump facility and remote access capabilities.
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1995
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Release of Windows 95 Hailed as the successor to
Microsoft's existing desktop operating systems – Windows 3.1, Windows for
Workgroups and MS-DOS. Win 95 came with integrated 32-bit TCP/IP stack for
Internet support, dial-up networking and plug & play capabilities that
enabled users to install hardware and software easily. It also offered
multimedia capabilities with powerful features such as mobile computing and
networking. Microsoft released Windows NT Server 3.51, which enabled users
to manage Client Access Licenses (CAL) for the Microsoft Backoffice family
of server products.
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1996
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Microsoft released Windows NT Workstation 4.0. It
was upgraded for a business desktop o/s, and included the Windows 95 user
interface, improved networking support and provided easy access to Internet
and corporate intranets. Windows NT Server 4.0 with faster file and print
management services, robust application support, integrated web server and
complete tools for developing and managing intranets, was also released.
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1997
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Windows NT Server 4.0, Enterprise Edition, with
additional features to appeal to large corporate customers with
mission-critical requirements, was released.
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1998
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Microsoft released upgrade of Windows 95 – Windows
98 (designed specifically for individual customers). It opened and closed
applications faster and supported reading of DVD discs and Universal Serial
Bus (USB) devices. In October 1998, Microsoft announced that initials NT
would be removed from Windows NT and announced the next major version of the
o/s – Windows 2000. Microsoft released Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal
Server Edition, which came with a multi-user core, enabling it to host
multiple and simultaneous client sessions, and a remote desktop protocol
allowing communication between server and Windows-based client software.
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1999 |
Second edition of Windows 98 called Windows 98 SE, was released, with
Internet Explorer 5.0 and Microsoft Windows NetMeeting version
3.0-conferencing software. Windows 98 SE also provided the user with device
drivers that worked with the Windows NT business operating system. |
2000 |
Windows Millennium Edition was released. It offered users music, video and
home networking enhancements. Windows 2000 Professional was also released.
It was an upgrade to Windows NT 4.0 and was designed to replace Windows 95,
Windows 98 and Windows NT workstation 4.0 on business desktops and laptops.
Microsoft released three server versions of Windows 2000 providing
scalability, reliability and manageability.
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2001 |
Windows XP was released with the objective of unifying desktop operating
systems. It was available in two versions – Windows XP Professional and
Windows XP Home. With Windows XP, Microsoft was able to merge its two
windows operating systems for individual consumers and businesses. |
2002 |
Windows Server
2003 was launched to meet the requirements of all types of businesses. It
incorporated Microsoft .NET Framework, allowing developers to create XML web
services. It was released in four versions: Standard Edition, Enterprise
Edition, Datacenter Edition and Web Edition.
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Source: Adapted from www.Microsoft.com
EXHIBIT IV - COMPARISON OF LINUX AND WINDOWS
ADDITIONAL READINGS & REFERENCES
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